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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 382901 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 89 | 80.6 | 94 | 126 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 44 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES24 | |||
| 382902 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 93.5 | 89.4 | 96.1 | 210 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 10 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES28 | |||
| 382903 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 6 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 26 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 382904 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 7 days for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.1 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 12 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO19 | 15 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 382905 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | LBW (<=2500g) | % | Percentage | 7.3 | 4.9 | 10.7 | 48 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 25 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES118 | |||
| 382906 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 3 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 27 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES11 | |||
| 382907 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONDRNKR RESUMED | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 1 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 42 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES26 | |||
| 382908 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 5 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 382909 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.1 | 98.1 | 99.6 | 986 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 2 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 382910 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 1-3 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 7.8 | 5.9 | 10.2 | 92 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 53 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES69 | |||
| 382911 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 10.5 | 8.2 | 13.4 | 95 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 53 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 382912 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 19.4 | 16.6 | 22.6 | 243 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 8 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 382913 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby being discharged from hospital within 48 hours of birth. (for vaginal deliveries only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 26.8 | 23.1 | 30.8 | 130 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO1 | 23 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 382914 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE/BACK | % | Percentage | 4.9 | 2.7 | 8.9 | 13 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 47 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES66 | |||
| 382915 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 56.9 | 50.6 | 63 | 166 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 27 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 382916 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 74 | 70.7 | 77.1 | 632 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 26 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 382917 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 37 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES41 | ||||||
| 382918 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.2 | 2.6 | 6.6 | 17 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 55 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 382919 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 1-3 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 10.2 | 5.7 | 17.4 | 21 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 25 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES69 | |||
| 382920 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 27.6 | 23.5 | 32.2 | 135 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 55 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 382921 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 80.9 | 76.5 | 84.5 | 275 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 31 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 382922 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.2 | 95.9 | 99.8 | 235 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 17 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 382923 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 47.5 | 44.1 | 50.8 | 550 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 23 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 382924 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 10.5 | 5.3 | 19.8 | 24 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 40 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES41 | |||
| 382925 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 2.8 | 1.5 | 5 | 27 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 24 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES13 | |||
| 382926 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 69.1 | 66.4 | 71.6 | 904 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 17 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 382927 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 64 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 42 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 382928 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 44.3 | 34.6 | 54.6 | 101 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 13 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 382929 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 75.3 | 69.3 | 80.4 | 410 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 13 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 382930 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 33.9 | 28.7 | 39.6 | 128 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 49 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 382931 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 3 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 8 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 382932 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83.8 | 74.8 | 89.9 | 99 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 17 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 382933 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 46 | 40.7 | 51.3 | 267 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 5 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 382934 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 81.8 | 74 | 87.6 | 162 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 23 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 382935 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.6 | 86.1 | 90.6 | 878 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 42 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 382936 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.6 | 13.1 | 18.5 | 186 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 25 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 382937 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 83 | 74.6 | 89 | 135 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 2 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 382938 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 4.8 | 3.3 | 6.9 | 90 | None | None | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 41 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES10 | |||
| 382939 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 68 | 65.6 | 70.3 | 988 | None | None | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 34 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES24 | |||
| 382940 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK/STOMACH | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0 | 1.9 | 1 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 31 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES64 | |||
| 382941 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | INADEQUATE PNC | % | Percentage | 11.2 | 8.7 | 14.3 | 84 | OTHER | Marital Status | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 34 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES18 | |||
| 382942 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 183 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 41 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 382943 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 13.8 | 10.6 | 17.6 | 88 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 2 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 382944 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 85.6 | 81.9 | 88.7 | 431 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 55 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES28 | |||
| 382945 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 52.9 | 47.8 | 57.9 | 240 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 34 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 382946 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | RARELY | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 41 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES33 | ||||||
| 382947 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 82.1 | 75.5 | 87.2 | 274 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 8 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 382948 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.4 | 2.2 | 5.1 | 21 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 15 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES41 | |||
| 382949 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 98.2 | 89.3 | 99.7 | 151 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 36 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES24 | |||
| 382950 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 25.7 | 16.9 | 37.1 | 21 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 10 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
