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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 382951 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 1 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 4 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 25 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 382952 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 49.3 | 33.3 | 65.4 | 35 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 2 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 382953 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | Intended | % | Percentage | 64.8 | 60.2 | 69.2 | 413 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 2 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES19 | |||
| 382954 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 12 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 37 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 382955 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 7 days for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 3.4 | 1.9 | 5.8 | 13 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO19 | 10 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 382956 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 23 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 47 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 382957 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99.3 | 97.9 | 99.8 | 423 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 10 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 382958 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - did not want others to think she was at risk for HIV | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 99.4 | 96.2 | 99.9 | 216 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO140 | 49 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 382959 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 75.9 | 64.6 | 84.5 | 82 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 28 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 382960 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 1.8 | 0.9 | 3.9 | 12 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 53 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES11 | |||
| 382961 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 1.8 | 0.5 | 6.4 | 3 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 42 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES3 | |||
| 382962 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 26 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 17 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 382963 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 12 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 36 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES11 | |||
| 382964 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 12.8 | 8.3 | 19.3 | 41 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 47 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES13 | |||
| 382965 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 88.8 | 85.5 | 91.5 | 467 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 54 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 382966 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 12 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 37 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 382967 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $50,000 or more | % | Percentage | 60.5 | 55.6 | 65.2 | 676 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 24 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES7 | |||
| 382968 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 90.9 | 78.7 | 96.4 | 57 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 50 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES24 | |||
| 382969 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 | 3 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 50 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES11 | |||
| 382970 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 43.8 | 40.4 | 47.2 | 472 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 37 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 382971 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 12 | 8.9 | 16 | 59 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 42 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES1 | |||
| 382972 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 2 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 34 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES9 | |||
| 382973 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.4 | 6.8 | 10.3 | 99 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 50 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 382974 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.8 | 99.5 | 99.9 | 195 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 44 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 382975 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 32.7 | 25.6 | 40.7 | 83 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 27 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 382976 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 48.8 | 42.6 | 55 | 147 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 27 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 382977 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.4 | 97.5 | 99 | 1303 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 49 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 382978 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 39.4 | 34.7 | 44.2 | 243 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 36 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 382979 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.2 | 4.7 | 10.8 | 40 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 40 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 382980 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 29.8 | 25.3 | 34.6 | 161 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 25 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 382981 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 7 days for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.5 | 97 | 99.3 | 519 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO19 | 55 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 382982 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | UNDERWT ( < 18.5) | % | Percentage | 6.9 | 5.1 | 9.4 | 85 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 5 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES45 | |||
| 382983 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 86 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 2 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 382984 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | NO PREV LIVE BRTH | % | Percentage | 33.6 | 24.8 | 43.6 | 87 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 27 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES59 | |||
| 382985 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her back to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 83.6 | 79.6 | 86.9 | 357 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO28 | 49 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 382986 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85.9 | 82.3 | 88.8 | 454 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 55 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 382987 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 61.7 | 57.3 | 65.8 | 542 | OTHER | Marital Status | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 26 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES28 | |||
| 382988 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | OBESE (30.0 + ) | % | Percentage | 21.5 | 15.5 | 29 | 47 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 44 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES43 | |||
| 382989 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.6 | 8.7 | 17.8 | 46 | OTHER | Marital Status | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 36 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 382990 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 71 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 25 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 382991 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 40 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 49 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 382992 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.2 | 87.1 | 92.6 | 568 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO223 | 36 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 382993 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 77.6 | 71.3 | 82.8 | 199 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 44 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES27 | |||
| 382994 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 68.3 | 65.4 | 71 | 1102 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 54 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 382995 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 29.4 | 19.3 | 42 | 26 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 56 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 382996 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 19 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 36 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 382997 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Morbidity | During the 3 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you have asthma? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.7 | 11 | 16.9 | 79 | OTHER | Marital Status | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP42 | QUO129 | 10 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 382998 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 1.3 | 0.3 | 6.3 | 3 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 39 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES34 | |||
| 382999 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 19.1 | 12.4 | 28.4 | 46 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 5 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 383000 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 75 | 68.3 | 80.7 | 134 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 15 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES24 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
