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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 384201 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her back to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 69.6 | 63.8 | 74.8 | 155 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO28 | 56 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 384202 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 4.7 | 1.9 | 10.9 | 16 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 41 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES2 | |||
| 384203 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Not Getting PNC as Soon as Desired Among Women Who Began PNC Late or Not at All | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 35.8 | 25.7 | 47.4 | 46 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO11 | 25 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 384204 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | THEN | % | Percentage | 22 | 14.8 | 31.4 | 34 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 44 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES111 | |||
| 384205 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "6-13" | % | Percentage | 10.4 | 6.9 | 15.5 | 44 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 27 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES120 | |||
| 384206 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 82.2 | 77.8 | 85.9 | 352 | OTHER | Marital Status | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 42 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 384207 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.5 | 88.1 | 96.5 | 160 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 37 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 384208 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 23.8 | 18.5 | 30.1 | 87 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 28 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES2 | |||
| 384209 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0 | 1.1 | 2 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 44 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES49 | |||
| 384210 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 18.9 | 10.2 | 32.5 | 17 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 27 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES41 | |||
| 384211 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.9 | 87.7 | 93.3 | 493 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 26 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 384212 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.5 | 21.8 | 27.3 | 233 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 10 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 384213 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.3 | 94.6 | 98.7 | 371 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 23 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 384214 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | NOT OBESE | % | Percentage | 78.5 | 73.9 | 82.4 | 673 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 41 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES112 | |||
| 384215 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.6 | 15.7 | 36.4 | 26 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 56 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 384216 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 1.4 | 0.4 | 5 | 3 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 24 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES11 | |||
| 384217 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 47.2 | 42.1 | 52.4 | 260 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 2 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 384218 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 76 | 59.2 | 87.3 | 35 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 37 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES24 | |||
| 384219 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 4.4 | 3.2 | 6 | 58 | None | None | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 44 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES1 | |||
| 384220 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 1.5 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 14 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 42 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES12 | |||
| 384221 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 111 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 31 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 384222 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment (for those trying to get pregnant only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.3 | 95.7 | 99.3 | 119 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO222 | 31 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 384223 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 40 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 49 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 384224 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.4 | 89.6 | 94.5 | 539 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 42 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 384225 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 42.9 | 32.6 | 53.8 | 104 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 41 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 384226 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 11 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 26 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 384227 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 40 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES49 | ||||||
| 384228 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 45.3 | 30 | 61.5 | 36 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 2 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 384229 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14.7 | 10.9 | 19.4 | 93 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 47 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 384230 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $50,000 or more | % | Percentage | 57.7 | 53.9 | 61.5 | 443 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 26 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES7 | |||
| 384231 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.9 | 3.2 | 18.6 | 11 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 24 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 384232 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 76.7 | 68 | 83.7 | 88 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 10 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES24 | |||
| 384233 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 2 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 37 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 384234 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 10.3 | 6.6 | 15.9 | 56 | OTHER | Marital Status | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 13 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 384235 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 78.2 | 70.9 | 84 | 149 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 37 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 384236 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 19.5 | 11.1 | 31.9 | 23 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 54 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 384237 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.5 | 94.3 | 97.9 | 388 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 25 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 384238 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 45.3 | 37.5 | 53.4 | 129 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 53 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 384239 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 3.4 | 2.5 | 4.6 | 82 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 54 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES11 | |||
| 384240 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 4 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 24 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES1 | |||
| 384241 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 47.2 | 40.4 | 54 | 163 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 53 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 384242 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her back to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 84 | 79.2 | 87.9 | 391 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO28 | 53 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 384243 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 713 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 56 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 384244 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 57.1 | 51.8 | 62.3 | 237 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 34 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 384245 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 17.8 | 14.6 | 21.4 | 103 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 37 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 384246 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 34 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 34 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 384247 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 8 | 2.6 | 22.4 | 6 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 36 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 384248 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 5.5 | 1.5 | 17.7 | 8 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 39 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 384249 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | RARELY | % | Percentage | 30.8 | 23.4 | 39.4 | 46 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 49 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES33 | |||
| 384250 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 123 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 49 | BOC9 | BOC9 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
