Go back to the interactive dataset
CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 387451 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 6.8 | 4.5 | 10 | 50 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 24 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 387452 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 577 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 42 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 387453 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS SAME OR MORE | % | Percentage | 1.1 | 0.2 | 6.1 | 2 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 47 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES4 | |||
| 387454 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 78.4 | 71.4 | 84.1 | 173 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 44 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 387455 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 6.7 | 1.2 | 29 | 3 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 24 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES41 | |||
| 387456 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 2.5 | 1.5 | 4.3 | 16 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 49 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES2 | |||
| 387457 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 84 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 23 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 387458 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 52.5 | 49.2 | 55.9 | 629 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 40 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 387459 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.5 | 7.1 | 24.3 | 16 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 47 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 387460 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.3 | 21.3 | 27.6 | 656 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 40 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 387461 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.6 | 8 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 15 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 387462 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.5 | 95.9 | 99.4 | 363 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 54 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 387463 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99.8 | 99.4 | 99.9 | 661 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 5 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 387464 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 107 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 8 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 387465 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 11 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 27 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES41 | |||
| 387466 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 1.8 | 0.6 | 5.5 | 3 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 37 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES34 | |||
| 387467 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | ALWAYS | % | Percentage | 15.1 | 8.3 | 26 | 11 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 42 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES15 | |||
| 387468 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95 | 93 | 96.4 | 1467 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 8 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 387469 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 22.2 | 16.9 | 28.5 | 89 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 8 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 387470 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.9 | 3.6 | 9.6 | 29 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 53 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 387471 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.6 | 87.8 | 92.8 | 621 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 37 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 387472 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 17 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 387473 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.7 | 12.6 | 19.3 | 94 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 28 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 387474 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 91.6 | 88.4 | 94 | 488 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 56 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 387475 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | NONE | % | Percentage | 35.2 | 25.8 | 45.9 | 76 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 40 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES999 | |||
| 387476 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 9 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 23 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 387477 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.2 | 12.3 | 18.7 | 95 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 23 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 387478 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous fetal death stillbirth or miscarriage | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 18.2 | 14.6 | 22.3 | 81 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO175 | 24 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 387479 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 13 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES49 | ||||||
| 387480 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 5 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 17 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES49 | |||
| 387481 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1443 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 54 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 387482 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28.4 | 24.9 | 32.1 | 331 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 53 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 387483 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Injury Prevention | Home has a working smoke alarm | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 1.5 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 16 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP40 | QUO188 | 25 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 387484 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95.2 | 81 | 98.9 | 75 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 39 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 387485 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 26 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 54 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 387486 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $25,000 to $49,999 | % | Percentage | 15.4 | 8.9 | 25.2 | 17 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 27 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES6 | |||
| 387487 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 26 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 13 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 387488 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 92.2 | 88.4 | 94.8 | 255 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 25 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES27 | |||
| 387489 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 3 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 15 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 387490 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you lost your job even though you wanted to go on working | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.8 | 92 | 95.3 | 932 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO213 | 17 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 387491 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | PRETERM | % | Percentage | 1.9 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 8 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 50 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES61 | |||
| 387492 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 97.7 | 95.6 | 98.8 | 688 | OTHER | Marital Status | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 39 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 387493 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 131 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 39 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 387494 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 7 days for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.4 | 97.6 | 98.9 | 515 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO19 | 44 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 387495 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 12.1 | 7.7 | 18.6 | 41 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 47 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES1 | |||
| 387496 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1253 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 24 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 387497 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 38.7 | 35 | 42.5 | 243 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 24 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 387498 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 29.8 | 26.4 | 33.4 | 238 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 39 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 387499 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 86.6 | 75.2 | 93.2 | 124 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 2 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 387500 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - couldnÂ’t take time off from work (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 88 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO285 | 55 | BOC9 | BOC9 |
About
This information is now on Primer
All the information that is in this pane, and more, is now on Primer, in a more consumable and user friendly format. You can also edit metadata from this page.
Take me there!
Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
Activity
- Community Rating
-
Current value: 0 out of 5
- Raters
- 0
- Visits
- 3939
- Downloads
- 4190
- Comments
- 0
- Contributors
- 0
Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
