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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 387601 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - couldnÂ’t take time off from work (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO285 | 5 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 387602 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did your husband or partner physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.7 | 96.4 | 98.6 | 1095 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO21 | 26 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 387603 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 6.4 | 4 | 10 | 50 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 41 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES1 | |||
| 387604 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 61.8 | 56.5 | 66.8 | 255 | OTHER | Marital Status | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 49 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 387605 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 79 | 74.9 | 82.6 | 571 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 39 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 387606 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your water break more than 3 weeks before your due date (premature rupture of membranes PROM) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 42 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO158 | 17 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 387607 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 39.7 | 36.6 | 42.8 | 379 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 15 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 387608 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 50.4 | 47.2 | 53.6 | 740 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 31 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES71 | |||
| 387609 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 82 | 78.7 | 84.9 | 606 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 56 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 387610 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Have you ever heard or read that taking the vitamin folic acid can help prevent some birth defects? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 25 | 16.9 | 35.3 | 43 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO126 | 47 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 387611 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | LATER | % | Percentage | 38.6 | 29.6 | 48.5 | 60 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 26 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES109 | |||
| 387612 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - currently pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.7 | 1.6 | 8.2 | 6 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO85 | 17 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES41 | |||
| 387613 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 61 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 54 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 387614 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 3.2 | 1.4 | 7.2 | 16 | OTHER | Marital Status | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 47 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES11 | |||
| 387615 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 85.7 | 82.8 | 88.2 | 574 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 49 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES28 | |||
| 387616 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 27 | 21.2 | 33.7 | 133 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 13 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 387617 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 77.8 | 73.3 | 81.7 | 354 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 37 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 387618 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 20.4 | 15.8 | 26 | 27 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 23 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES41 | |||
| 387619 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 28 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | ||||||
| 387620 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 163 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 34 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 387621 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Indicator of whether an HIV test was offered among women not receiving the test | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1068 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO141 | 25 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 387622 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 94.8 | 91.2 | 97 | 251 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 26 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 387623 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 6.3 | 4.3 | 9 | 45 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 8 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES3 | |||
| 387624 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 97.9 | 95 | 99.1 | 481 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 53 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES24 | |||
| 387625 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 11 | None | None | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 8 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES11 | |||
| 387626 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28.8 | 24.7 | 33.3 | 206 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 39 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 387627 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did a dentist or dental worker talk to you about how to care for your teeth and gums? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 33.1 | 27.2 | 39.6 | 70 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO94 | 55 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 387628 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 25 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES41 | ||||||
| 387629 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 1.9 | 1 | 3.9 | 25 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 28 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 387630 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 12 | 5.9 | 22.8 | 13 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 2 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES10 | |||
| 387631 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 19.3 | 12.4 | 28.8 | 25 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 50 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 387632 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 67.6 | 63.3 | 71.5 | 343 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 50 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES27 | |||
| 387633 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 17.6 | 11.2 | 26.6 | 21 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 34 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 387634 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 87.1 | 78.1 | 92.8 | 109 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 36 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES24 | |||
| 387635 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 68.4 | 62.2 | 74 | 226 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 26 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 387636 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | 46.3 | 42.3 | 50.3 | 329 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 42 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES121 | |||
| 387637 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.4 | 1.4 | 8.2 | 15 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 40 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES41 | |||
| 387638 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $25,000 to $49,999 | % | Percentage | 14.4 | 11 | 18.6 | 51 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 53 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES6 | |||
| 387639 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 1 day for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11 | 5.2 | 22 | 6 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO240 | 15 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 387640 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | SOONER | % | Percentage | 23.5 | 20.9 | 26.4 | 245 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 49 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES110 | |||
| 387641 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 52.1 | 45.5 | 58.6 | 131 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 56 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 387642 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 21.5 | 17.8 | 25.7 | 165 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 8 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 387643 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 30.9 | 23.8 | 39 | 72 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 28 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 387644 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 5 | 0.9 | 22.3 | 3 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 13 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 387645 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 41 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES24 | ||||||
| 387646 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 50 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | ||||||
| 387647 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.9 | 6.2 | 9.9 | 129 | None | None | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 53 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 387648 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "3-5" | % | Percentage | 20.3 | 17.8 | 23.1 | 289 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 31 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES122 | |||
| 387649 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Maternal Health Care | (*PCH) Since your new baby was born have you had a postpartum checkup for yourself? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 78 | 71.9 | 83.2 | 204 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP52 | QUO244 | 34 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 387650 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Maternal Health Care | (*PCH) Since your new baby was born have you had a postpartum checkup for yourself? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 15 | 12.5 | 17.9 | 181 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP52 | QUO244 | 5 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
